Speech delivered by Pu Lalduhawma IPS (retd), President ZNP on 11th Sept. 2015 @ Lamka.

(Translated into Paite by Thang Ginlun Valte)

Amasa in na kiang uah Zosuante’ lak a pau khat Lusei (as used by him) pau in thu ka gen dia na theihsiam uh ka gingta ahi. Zosuante namneu tuamtuam, pau tuam nei i hi ua, i vek ua i kikop diing uh “common language” piang lellel hi in ngaituah le.

Na thuaknate uh galkhat lam a honna thuakpih mai hilou in heutute’n amun mahmah a mel hong kilat hoih asak ziak un, treasurer Pu C Lalbiakliana toh ka hong ua, amah diakdiak Delhi a hong kipan ahi a, lenna sung a kimu, zingchiang a amah Delhi a kiik diing, kei pen Aizawl lam a kiik diing ka hi hi.

K’ong tun tuung un Hospital ka vapha masapen ua, huai ah Joint philantropic organization te’n honna vaidawn ua, amau tung a ka kipak mahmah uh hi.Hihtheihsun chi’n ‘martyr’ te nampuan in ka tuam ua, damlou damdawi-inn a omte a ki-etkol na’ng uh hihtheih khomkhom ka va nutsiat uh hi.

Na theihsa bang un kou bel ‘opposition party’ ka hi ua, ka septheih uh a tawm mahmah. Hitamahleh unau, sisan gui kizopipihte na thuakna uh k’on thuakpih ua, chiklaipeuh a hon taisan lou diing ka hi uh chi a ka mel mahmah ua hong kilang a, hong genkhiak ka hih diing him ua ngai in ka treasure uh toh ka hong hoh uh hi.

Na gimdante uh ka thei ua, i JAC te na gimdan uh ka thei uhi. Midangte leng ni tampi mahni nna ngaihsak man louzen in na pang uh chih ka thei ua, zahtakhuai k’on sa uh hi. I ‘martyr’ te’ sungkuante ka thuakpih ua, himahleh amaute’ sihna pen kuate hiam sihna bang mai hilou in, khovel pumpi a Zosuante’n i pahtawi a,’martyr’ ahi ua, a luang tungtawn ua nam ngaihnatna – kiphawkkhiakna ‘chi’ hong kituh ahi chih thei ni. Lusunte’n leng a sungkuan; a khensate uh khovel pumpi a Zosuante’n kisunpih ahi a, thupitak a si ahi uh chih phawk uh henla, tuabang thute in ana kihehnem le uh i deih. Huchi’n khovel in a piakzel khamuanna bang hilou; tunglam in a piak zel khamuanna bangbang Pathian a kipan pen i deihsak a, hun hong pai zel diing ah ‘martyr’ te kimangngilh ngei lou diing chih ka gen ut ahi. Tutung buaina ziak a liamna tuakte hong damsiang pah uh ka deihsak ua, haksatna tuamtuam tuakte tengteng leng a thuakna uh theihpih ka hi uh chih ka gen thak ut ahi.

I buaina pipen uh, Manipur solkar in Bill a pass tungtang gen le, ‘reform bill’ a chih mai uh ka en zualzual a, bill poluttu Minister Debendro Singh in a puaklutna ziak, ‘objection reasons’ gelh hi. A thugelh ah Manipur phaizangmi district 4 ah mihing kitam gawp a, kineh lota, square km 1 kimkot a mihing 730 tak ki-om a, hill districts 5 ah mi tawm mahmah lai a, square km 1 kimkot sung ah mihing 61 kia om a, huaiziak in hun hong pai zek dia phaizang a teeng mite’n phaizang a inmun-loumun nei lou diing dinmun a a-om ziak in hiai Manipur gam, asung a teeng tengteng in inmun-loumun i neih vek theihna diing un hiai bill ka hon polut ahi, chi’n gelh hi.

A bill sungthu ‘clause by clause’ te chu khatpeuh hiphot leh, Minister in a puaklutna ziak, a pansan ah Manipur phaizang a teengte’n singtanggam a inmun-loumun a neihtheihna diing uh, singtangmite hon deep mang sawmna; hon ‘assimilate’ sawmna bill ahi chih a seelgu zou vual kei uh. Hiai gelhthoh a amau mahmah koih ahi a, huaiziak in hia bill pen ei a diing in bill lauhuai ahi lou thei kei hi. Hiai bill lak a tel MLR&LR Act 1960; ammendment a bawl ma ua pen a clause 158na in tribal te’n non-tribal te’ kiang a inmun-loumun zuakkhiak phalsak lou ahihman in, Manipur gam a ‘permanent residence’ tengteng (Permanent residence genchetna hiai dan/bill ah a gelh tuan kei ua) in hiai haksatna a pumpelh ua, zalentak a dan(law) ziak a nawngkaina om lou a inmun-loumun a zuak ua a kileituah theihna diing un hiai dan(law) poimoh ahi chih kigelh hi. Huaiziak in tribal gam, non-tribal hauszawte’n sum tampi hon ‘offer’ le uh gam kizuak mai diing ahihna ah, huchibang a sawt lou a tribal gam hon laksak thei diing chih a theichiang ngal ua, huai lah tulel a dan(law) omsa nuai a siang lou, zuak ut leng zong i zuak siang lou hi. Mizoram ah leng tuabang ahi. I inmunte, vaite’n sum tampipi in hon dawp mahle uh zuak mawk siang lou hi. Huchibang dan(Law) Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation(BEFR) kichi British te’n honna bawlsak uh kinei ahihman in, inmun-loumun sum tampi a zuak ut hilehang zong amaute’ kiang a zuak theih mawk louh ahi. Huchibang dan(law) Manipur ah leng om a, zuak utte’n leng phaizangmite’ kiang a zuak thei lou ahihman in dan(law) omsa nuaimang a tribal migenthei/mizawngte’ inmun-loumunte sum tampipi a leikhiat a deep mang sawm uh ahi chih hiai dan(bill) ah a chiang mahmah hi. Hiai pen dan hoih het lou abawlkhiak uh ahi.

Huchilou dan hoihlou dang a bawl uh ahihleh ‘Protection of Manipur People’s Bill 2015’ ahi. Hiai bill ah 1951 tan a ki register te manipur khua-le-tuite ahi uh achi uh ahi. “Native” te - manipur khua-le-tui hisate a huamkha kei diing achi hi. Himahleh hiai bill ah ‘Native people’ te kuate ahi ua chih genchetna ‘definition’ a om het kei hi. Hiai pen denchiang in a utdandan un hon ‘define’ ding ua, Meiteite kia ‘native people’ ahi uh hon chile uh, eilawi bel ‘non-native’ kihimai. 1951 nunglam a hong lutte, manipur khua-le-tui hilou hon chithei d uh ahi. Huaiziak in hiai bill in thuguk kiseel anei a, a hoih hetkei. A hon pass dan himhim uh leng dik lou ahi. Bill himhim ‘introduce’ phut a ‘pass’ phut diklou ahi. Ama a ni huaizah a kivei diing chih om a, MLA tengteng kiang a copy a piak vek ua innlam ah a ‘bill’ ana keem in ana veel vek diing ua, ‘session’ ni a ngaihdan neisa toh ‘debate’ a a ngaihdan uh gen thei dia ana kisakkholh diing uh ahi. Huaiziak in i MLA te’n bill himhim copy mu masa leh sim masa dia koih ahi. Ei a dia thil hoihlou om ahi chih thei diing bel i MLA te ahi uh. Ei mipi, mimawlte’ muhkhiak diing hizaw lou himhim ahi. Himahleh tutung in i MLA te’n bangmah hon hilh lou, mipite’n bill hoih louhdan mukhia hizaw daih. Assembly house a tu a hon humbit dia i telchingte’n hiai bill lauhuaitak hon hilh ut lou ua, pau lou maimah ua, hiai bill pass na a a vatut zawkmah ziak un i lungsim hon suna hi. Hiai ziak in haksatna chituamtuam hong piang zota hi.

Tu in i MLA te’n, “ahikei, mipite’ lam a pang diing kihizaw ahi” chih kitheikhia in a kitawpna uh a pelut uh chih zaak ahi. Kipahhuai ka sak kawmkawm in kitawpna pelut taktak mah uh hiam chihthu ah ka chiangkuang kei a, noule na chiangkuang kei uh hi. India gamsung ah telching MLA te’n kitawmpn a piaklut chiang un, ‘speaker’ kiang ah agelhthoh in a piaklut diing uh ahi. Huai pen India a news minthangte, doordarshan, radio a akipuanzak diing ahi. Kitawpna pelut lou mah hi unteh chih ka ngaihdan ahi a, hun in hon hilhchian diing in koih phot le’ng. Buaina hong tung a, hinna 9 tak leh liamna i na tuak hial uhi. Kei leng ‘Police” ka na pang ngeita a, Delhi Police ah ka na pang a bangtan hiam ah dan(law) ka na thei nilnial sam hi. hi. Police in mi kaptheihna thuneihna nei lou himhim ahi. Magistrate in thu a piakmasak ngai hi. Tutung i thiltuah toh kisai in ‘magistrate’ in ‘firing order’ a piak lam akithei kei. Kuate hiam in hon kap ahi uh chih a kilang. Hiai hon kaplumtu, IRB/Police, thau mekpuakte – ‘judicial enquiry’ hiam ‘magisterial inquiry’ ka ‘demand’ ahi. Dikloutak a thau mekpuak pen, India a koi mun peuh ah ‘against human rights” in ngai ua, ‘complain teitei uh hi. Hiai tungtang leng suikhiak dia phut ngeingei tuak ka sa hi.

Thuakna bel thuakna ahita a, thiltung te leng thiltung ahita hi. Hiai tungtang a ka genbeh ut ahihleh hun hong pai zel diing ah vualzawlna suaksak leng hilou hiam ka chi hi. I nam pumpi’ a dia vangsiatna hong tun a thumveina hi’n ka ngaihtuah a huaite vualzawlna ana hi toutou lai hi. Zoram buailai in inkuan tamtak Burma a i unaute bel in a vagaltai ua, amaute’n theihtawp in honna kithuahpih ua, huai in unau i hihna uh kilangsak a, i kipumkhatna uh a hatsak hi. Haksana kal a vualzawlna i tanna uh ana hi. Huai nung bangtanhiam zoh in unau melhaihhun a hong tung a Zoram ah i unaute ngei uh ‘foreigner’ bang a en in, Zoram a piang a khanglian, zi leh pasal neisate, Saptuam Upa, Village council member a telchingte tanpha tung ah khut i kha ua, a inn-le-lou uapan i nohkhia uh hi. Zoram a piang a khiangkhia naupangte’ a di’n a zalmang natan uah huai ban khovel a om tuan kei hi. Thakhatthu in ‘foreigner’ na hi chi a nohkhiak in a om uh hi. I nam ‘history uah hiai pen ‘doom’ liantak a suak a, poi i sa petmah. Tuabang hun in ZNP leh ZoRO in huchi diing hilou ahi chi’n ban ka na zaak uh hi. Huchibang vangsiatna i tuah nung in, tu’n kipumkhatna kiak hong dawn a, Myanmar a tuilian in leihoih hon theh a, huchi’n kiunauna leh kipumkhatna chi a hong selthakta hi. Tu’n bel i ki-it dialdialta uh chih theih mai hi’n ka mu. Hiai i nget louh vualzawlna i don lellel ahi. Alangkhat ah haksa mahleh thu kipahhuai ahi. Hiai a nihna hileh. A thumna bel - Tu’n ka unau, sisan kizoppihte’n haksatna nana tuak ua, melmate’n sisan hon suah uh. Na sisan kizoppih ka hi ua sung khat suak i hi ua himahleh hiai kizopna a kivawksang ngei kei. Na thuaknate un hon pikhawm a kou leng na ma uah hon tusak hi. Unau i hihna; i kipumkhatna hatsaktu vualzawlna ana hidaih ahi. Imphal a pan kong paina lampi uah ‘three wheeler’ a kizui a puanlap (flag) vom tak a lampi zuite a tam mahmah ua, ka sim seng kei uh, ka khasiattha suak. Hucibang a lungsim munkhat, kituahna thupi ka sa mahmah uhi. Khosung ka hong lut ua, ‘picketing’ ka mu ua, i numeite’n ma akai uh chih ka mu ua, amau nna poimohte nusia in, vuahzu, kholum nuai ah, numeite ana tu depdup ua, amaute ka zahtak a ka phat petmah ahi. Na gimdan uh ka mu ua, ann nangawn a hun a ne lou, tha tamtak na sengta uh. Huchikawmkal ah thilpiak - sum-le-pai tamtak, puan tamtak alut zungzung chih ka thei uh hi. Zankhat thil thu in Zosuante ki-unauna a hong piang a, zanlam a thiltung – i tuailaite’n thau ginna lam taisiatsan d ahihlai in thau ginna lam a nawk uh hi. Hiai koi a hong kipan ahia ? tunglam a kipan a nasep ahi. Kua ‘organise’ hi a kua a a ‘leader’ uh ? minloh d a om kei. A hong tung mai ahi. Huaiziak in Zotate’ a diing in khua avak dekta, Nam khat – unau i hihna uh theihsak i poimoh ua, vangsiatna zang a theihsak in i om ua, abul Manipur ah i pan ahi. Hiai ka muhdan diktak ahi.

Huaiziak in hiai haksatna i tuah a kipan i malam diing uh i et kawm a poimoh a, ‘political demand’ mumaltak nei diing in ka hon ngen ut ahi. Huai toh kiton a ka gen ut ahihleh, Meitei mipite toh kidou lou i hi. Kum tamtak i na tengkhawmta a, i kitanauna suksiat hetlouh diing ahi. Hiai thil pen ‘communal movement’ ahi kei a ‘political movement’ ahi. Meitei mipite toh i kidou zenzen kei. I kihuatna diing thu a om kei. Manipur solkar leh singtangmite kibei i hi a, solkar dou i hi. I vek ua i theih uh poimoh ka sa. Hiai ‘political demand’ i neihtouhna ding uah leh a thuaknate ua i unau Nagate’n nasatak in hon ‘support’ uh chih i theih in Nagate’ tung ah leng kipahthu ka gen uh hi. Himahleh amaute toh ‘political demand’ kibang i neih uh lemtang diing in ka gingta kei, amau bel atuam a pai ahi ua, amau lampi a zui d ua, en leng ei’ lampi i tawn tou diing uh. Deihsakna i kithukhak tuaktuak diing uh ahi. Tuabang kal a ka gen ut ahih leh Naga sisan kai hilou, Zota suul a pan suak hisi, i ‘blood group’ te mah, Naga ‘nomenclature’ kivuah a, Naga a a ki ‘identify’ uh poi ka sa. Amaute i nam, i chipih diktakte ahi uh. Amau leng hong kingaihtuah uh henla, Pathian a bawl bang a a-omna diing ditak ua hong om di’n ka ngen ut ahi.
Political demand tungtang ah, Meitei unaute toh ‘administrative’ khat nuai a omkhawm thei diing i hinawn kei uh chih a chiang. Amau’ a di’n le a hoih kei, nuam a sa tuan kei d uh. Ei’ a di’n le huai ahi thou. Banghiam a neuhneuh a tam d, khentuam kipoimoh ahi chih India solkar inle thei hen. Atuam in hon koih hen. singtangmite’ a di’n ‘separate administration’ na gen ging ua, kipahhuai ka sa. Himahleh ‘separate administration’ bang hiam chih khovel pumpi a zotate’n a ngaihkhiak theih diing ua i puankhiak poimoh ahi. Akintheilam pen a non gelfel uh poimoh ka sa.

Hospital lam a hun ka zat zoh un JAC office ah kithuahna hun hoihtak non bawlsak ua ka kipak mahmah uhi. N’on vaidawnnate uh leh n’on zintunna ziak un kipahthu ka hon gen uh hi. JAC unaute’ kiang ah leng ka gen ua,’political demand’ mumaltak hon nei un. ‘separate administration’ ahih diing leh Indian constitution nuai ah, STATE ahithei a, UT ahithei a, 6th SCHEDULED nuai a district council ahithei. Tulel in 5th Scheduled nuai ah na om ua, autonomy bangmah a om kei. “Autonomous” kichi ‘signboard’ a kitak pen ‘signboard’ kia ah a-om, consitution a omlou ahi. 5th Scheduled nuai ah ‘autonomy’ a om thei kei, ‘advisory council’ kia a om thei. Autonomous District Council omtheihna ahihleh 6th Scheduled nuai ah ahi a, thuneihna sangpi tawi ahi a, ‘direct funding’ ahihzawkmah leh hoihtak ahi. Option thum i nei ua huaite’ lak a aniampen ADC vanget d zaw kithalawphuai ka sa kei. Hon ngaihtuah unla i ‘political goal’ di’n State hiam; UT hiam hoih na sakzawkzawk uh – huai nuai ah Autonomous District Council bangzah hiam I neih diing ahi. Huai hilou a abul a pan 6th SCHEDULED i nget leh Manipur nuai a ki-om thouthou d, Minister khat inchage leh portfolio nuai a ki-om veve d. Hiai zaw zalenna thupi ahikei. Bang hihiam i ‘political demand’ diing, nou khut ah a-om a, na hih peuhmah uh hon ‘support’ diing ka hi uh.

Zankhatthu in ki-unauna a hong piang a, khenkhatte’n, “sawt a daih kei d, a kikhendalh nawn thou d uh” chi’n hon gal-et gige uh hi. Ei sung khenzak ding in Zosuan sung mah a nam taisan poisa lou mi khenkhat vanzat in hong zang diing uh hi, sum-le-pai zang in, joint philantropic organization te zang in, JAC a mi poimohte mah zang in, sum-le-pai zang a leikhiat leng hon sawm diing uh. Huchibang mite NAM MELMA ahi ua, huchibang lak a dingkip a gin-om ding in k’on thukhak ut hi. Overground a mipite’n pumkhat i hidan i langsak theita a. Pasalpha gamnuai a omte’n bang hon chi panlak sawm ahi ua chih ka thei ut mahmah. Overground a mipite lung kilualna taang ah simthu khat i vai i hawm theita ua, i unau – underground pasalpha, UPF, KNO makaite’n ‘ common political demand’ hon neihpih uh henla, genkhawm in, simthu khat in luangkhawm le Manipur Solkar in hon lau dia, Central solkar in hon lau dia, hon ngaipoimoh diing ahi. Huchilou a, Hmar in demand tuam; Kuki in demand tuam, Paite in demand tuam, pawl dang in demand tuam i neih nengnung pen i namdangte’ deihthusam ahizaw. Huaiziak in overground leh underground a te lungsim chiimtak toh i ngaihtuah khawm ua, ‘nex step’ i ngaihtuah khawm a, i vek ua phuutkhawm uh poimoh hi. Pawlpi kha in i dingkhawm thei keita zong agenda khat i neikhawm thei. Huai diing a I pankhawm uh deihhuai ka sa petmah ahi. Atung a ka gente step khatna ahi. Hiai pen Indian constitution nuai a Manipur state sung a i “political demand” diing ahi.

Note: A kimzaw leh chiangzaw https://youtu.be/qCkkjObtt_s ah ettheih ahi. Theihsiam louh, translation dik zou lou deih a om leh a original a pen laak diing ahi.

Imphal's 'conspiracy' theory: Delhi behind tribal unity, unrest

Prashant Jha, Hindustan Times, Imphal



A mob set the residences of a Manipur minister and two legislators ablaze evening to protest the passing of allegedly “anti-tribal” bills in the 60-member assembly. (Photo source: Twitter)


In the polarised hill-valley rift in Manipur, both sides agree that the secrecy and ambiguity around the Naga framework agreement - signed between the centre and NSCN (I-M) in early August - have been unhelpful and contributed to tensions.

But that is where the overlap ends. Meiteis leaders in Imphal across the political spectrum, including members of the BJP, blame the centre for 'encouraging' tribals and helping the warring Kukis and Nagas arrive at a rare unity. Tribals say their unity is organic, and believe that Delhi should do more, impose president's rule on the state, and help them get a separate administration even if it is by challenging Meiteis.

Meitei backlash to Naga accord

The demand for Inner Line Permit - which finally led to the passage of the three bills at the heart of the current tension - had been underway in the state before the Naga pact. But observers say it intensified the agitation. It is said to have added to the Meitei sense of insecurity and fueled speculation that the centre was willing to trade Manipur's territorial integrity for peace with Nagas, and give away the Naga dominated districts of the state NSCN has been demanding. The Manipur assembly has passed a resolution on the inviolability of the state's territory.


Congress MLA N Biren Singh accuses Delhi of backing tribal groups to neutralise Manipur underground outfits. (Prashant Jha/HT Photo)

But the centre has already indicated that state borders may not be touched. R N Ravi, the government's interlocutor with the NSCN, is expected in Imphal to allay apprehensions.

When asked if a pan Naga cultural council, which does not impact territorial boundaries, would be acceptable to Manipur, N Biren Singh, Congress MLA and former cabinet minister said, "What is this cultural council? Punjabis are there in India and Pakistan - will Delhi allow them to have a cultural council? Will Delhi allow Pakistani flag in Kashmir? Why should we tolerate Nagas having mixed loyalties, allow a Naga flag in our territory? Political loyalty has to be to the state."

Even as Meiteis have ratcheted up the rhetoric in the run up to the final announcement of the deal, it has generated expectations among tribals.

A top government official in a hill district told HT, "Kukis have stepped up their demand for a state administration because of the deal. This lack of transparency and ambiguity is not helpful because of false hopes and fears it generates." Four MLAs of the Naga People Front have already resigned from the assembly, against its resolution and the passage of the bills.


'Conspiracy' behind unity

What has worried the Meitei polity most after the accord and in the recent agitation against the three bills is the coming together of Nagas and Kukis. Meitei politicians and activists see a deep 'conspiracy' here.

Congress leader Singh was a part of the drafting committee of the bills at the heart of the tribal backlash. He says the bills have nothing that affect tribals, and adds bluntly, "The real story is something else. The Christian tribals have come together. NSCN has told Kukis they can have a separate administration comprising hill districts like Churachandpur and Chandel in return for their support. And Delhi has backed this. They are using bills as an alibi to push statehood agenda."


In Churachandpur, various tribal groups unite against Manipur government and demand separate administration. (Prashant Jha/HT Photo)

Babloo Loitongbam, a human rights activist who was informally associated with the ILP movement told HT in his office in Imphal, "After the accord, Kuki leaders have been quiet. This is surprising because they have always said that unless the issue of NSCN burning 300 Kuki villages and killing 1000 Kukis in the 90s is resolved, there should be no deal. What we know is that Kuki leaders went to Delhi." He claims that since then, Naga and Kuki leaders have been negotiating. "The centre is giving mixed signals to all groups and has probably told Kukis to ask for separate administration rather than oppose the Naga pact." Yambem Lama, a Meitei journalist who is a former state human rights commission member, added, "The old principle that enemy's enemy is a friend is being used. Nagas and Kukis are seeing Meiteis as the common enemy."

When asked why Delhi would do so, Singh says it is to generate pressure on Meitei underground (UG) outfits who have been asking for secession. Loitongbam called it a ploy of the 'Chanakyas of Delhi' to have a sufficiently high degree of ethnic tension, so that power balances itself. He pointed to the armed challenge to the Indian state from the valley and the fact that 65 percent of those arrested under Unlawful Activities Prevention Act are Manipuris despite being .5 percent of the population. Others alleged this was Delhi's way to 'defang' the ILP movement which is an attack on the free movement of Indian citizens.

A key BJP leader of the state said, on the condition of anonymity since he did not want to challenge his party, that the centre should give a tougher signal to tribals. "I don't understand why BJP is backing Christian tribals. The party should reconsider its position and back Hindu Meiteis."

Tribals rubbish conspiracy

In the hill districts though, tribals rubbish the 'conspiracy theory' that India is backing them and helped unite the groups.

In Churachandpur, a dozen activists HT spoke to believed that tribal unity was a 'great achievement' of the movement. "We have fought in the past but right now all tribals are united because it is a matter of our survival and identity. These bills will result in valley people taking away our land. We have a common enemy and that is why Nagas, Kukis and all aligned tribes have come together," says Lianzamung Tunsing, information secretary of the Joint Action Committee, the umbrella civil society body in the district dealing with the fallout of the violence.

When asked about the impact of the Naga deal, another young activist, Sang Lethil, said, "The Nagas are on a boat which is moving. If we don't sit on the same boat, there will be no escape for us from the Valley ever. We will not submerge with the Nagas of course but our exit route is the same."

But when pointed out that there is an overlap in the territory claimed by the Nagas and Kukis, Lethil said, "Local adjustments are happening. We will find a way. The key thing now for us is not the bills now; it is a separate administration for the hills."

If the Meiteis feel Delhi is intervening excessively, the tribals claim that Delhi is not doing enough. The protestors in Churachandpur have placards demanding president's rule; the JAC has submitted a memorandum to the Prime Minister. And a Kuki tribal leader told HT, "We want to be under the union of India, not the state of Manipur. Delhi should take charge and give us an administrative unit."

It is in the midst of these competing demands and perceptions - which Delhi may or may not be complicit in creating - that the centre is navigating the complex Manipur conundrum.




http://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/imphal-s-conspiracy-theory-delhi-behind-tribal-unity-unrest/article1-1388915.aspx